Field Botany – James Vu

A photographer was great at botany because he knew photo synthesis.

May 10, 2017
by jbvu
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Mini Field-Excursion#11 – Clarkia EC Challenge

Date: 4/14/2017

Location: The Presidio (Coordinates: 37.792789, -122.456763 – Elevation: ~50 ft)

Site Description: 

The site we visited in Presidio was near the Arguello entrance. The trail began at the Ecology trail, and looped around. We were able to see many California species that we had encountered previously. Such species included Sagebrush, Yarrow, Monkeyflowers, and of course – we saw the Clarkia species.

Species Description:

Clarkia franciscans, (Family: Onagraceae), known as the Presidio Clarkia, is a rare member of the Onagraceae family found typically only in the Presidio area. While it is deemed rare, we found it in abundance in clusters in certain areas we visited during our excursion. It is endemic to serpentine areas. The stem has some minor pubescence. It is now endangered as it has been subject to invasive species, trampling, and other factors.

It is an erect annual herb. The leaves are narrow, and fairly pointy-lanced shaped. Its petals are a pink-lavender hue, where it darkens near the tips but the color lightens up near the center.

Excursion Narrative:

Me being the runner I am – I decided to run from my place to the start of the Ecology trail. From there, I intersected with Negin, Natalie, Sameer, and Patrick where we began our search of Clarkia. While searching, we found many California species we had encountered previously – proving to be great practice as well!

We ended up finding the Clarkia after a short period of time – because it was found in abundance around a certain slope near the end of the trail. It was hard to to take a photo with it, but I succeeded! Finally, out task complete and with us getting some much-needed practice before the field quiz – we headed back to campus together.

 

May 10, 2017
by jbvu
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Field Excursion #10 – Steep Ravine

Date: 5/4/2017

Location: Steep Ravine (Coordinates: (37.88880,-122.62330 – Elevation: ~200-250 ft)

Site Description: 

Steep Ravine is a hiking trail located near HWY 1, along the California coast off the slopes of Mt. Tam. Redwood trees are found in abundance here. The harsh coastal winds are blocked by the foliage and the tree-cover – allowing some species to grow higher from the ground. The trail itself was fairly muddy, and subjected us to bypassing many rocks and crevices along the way. Some redwood trees had fallen and some also had the markings of experiencing a forest fire – although they seem in good condition must likely due to to their thick bark.

Species Description:

1) Sambucus racemosa (Family: Adoxaceae), known by its common name “Red elderberry” is a species that grows in riparian environments or woodlands. It is a treelike shrub – every stem is composed of 5-7 leaflets. The inflorescence is a cone-shaped panicle. It was my first sight of Sambucus spp. in the wild with its fruit form after seeing so many crazy google images of it displaying many fruit, but never actually seeing it in person. This is one species I won’t forget!


2) Rubus parviflorus (Family: Rosaceae), going by its common-name “Thimbleberry”, is a species native to western North America. It is a shrub – but unlike many of its other family members, its stem does not possess thorns. Leaves are palmate and pubescent in nature. Its flower has 5 white petals, and its flower is the largest among any Rubus species. Dr. Paul told is that the Thimbleberry can be especially found where there are light-gaps through the forest – which explained where we found it.


3) Equisetum telmateia (Family: Equisetaceae), known as the “Giant horsetail”, is a herbaceous perennial plant that is found in damp shady places – making Steep Ravine a perfect habitat for it. It looks quite unique – with stems that are HIGHLY branched . Its sterile stems, made around this time in the year, are 30-150 cm long. Its needle-like leaves make it stand out. It is especially notable as its stems contain silica – making chewing on its stem a bad idea as they can wear down the teeth. Much of our petroleum nowadays comes from ancestors of this species, which were compressed by intense sedimentation.


Excursion Narrative:

The hype was unreal unfortunately – as in, it was not real at all. Steep Ravine was not aptly named, as the hike through the trail was easily manageable. The trail was fairly thin – making us traverse it carefully in a single-file line usually. I had biked through the same forest many times previously, but had never traversed it in foot. It was, per-usual, beautiful. The hike proved to be a meditative experience, with the forest decreasing the stress of finals week.

One of the things most notable about our trip was the presence of overbearing Redwood trees – that displayed prominently throughout their trek. We saw evidence of redwood trees that were subject to a wildfire – yet seemly well-preserved most likely due to their bark.

Finally – what made this trip most memorable was the fact that I was able to scare multiple people on the way back to the cars. MacDaddy, Colleen, Natalie, Patrick, and Negin were my victims – nobody could escape my wrath.

In all seriousness – one of the biggest thing I was reminded throughout the trip was how many beautiful areas are located in the Marin area – yet, they are difficult to gain access to unless you have a car (need to get one!)


Other encountered species:

May 4, 2017
by jbvu
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Field Excursion 9 – Mt. Tamalpais State Park

Date: 4/14/2017

Location: Mt. Tamalpais State Park (Coordinates: 37.8890° N, 122.6108° W – Elevation: varies, ~1800-2500 ft)

Site Description: 

Mt. Tamalpais is a mountain situated in Marin Headlands, where it acts as the highest peak in the surrounding area. It is surrounded by deep canyons, and sweeping hillsides. It is surrounded by redwoods, oaks, and chaparral. Near the top of Mt. Tam you get a gorgeous view of San Francisco and the surrounding bay.

Mt. Tam is expansive over a large area – so to specify where our excursion took place exactly, we visited a few areas that extremely serpentine in nature and were host to quite a few unique California species. Some of these species were even endemic to not just California, but Mt. Tam itself! It was easy to tell that these areas were beset by harsh conditions of harsh sunlight and lack of water and nutrients. Yet, it is truly remarkable that some of the plant species we encountered were able to live in the areas we visited.


Species Description:

1) Mimulus guttatus (Family: Phyrmaceae), going by its common-name “Yellow monkeyflower”, is a herbaceous wildflower. It is an extremely variable plant, and is also known as a model organism used for evolution and ecology studies. It has tubular shaped flowers, with the stem being erect. Leaves are opposite, and round to oval. Its bright showy flowers are found on a raceme inflorescence, with 5 or more flowers.


2) Cirsium occidentale (Family: Asteraceae), going by the common-name “Western Thistle”, is a fairly dangerous looking fellow – it is fairly widespread across California. Its leaves are a dull gray, and are fairly pubescent. Its infloresence has several flower heads, which has a fairly spherical shape with spines sticking out. When we stumbled upon it, it was host to some insects – which may be an example of some form of symbiosis which we’ve not yet encountered yet.

3) Stepthanthus glandulosus pulchellus (Family: Brassicaceae), going by its common-name “Mt. Tamalpais jewel flower”, is a flower that I became painfully intimate with – with accidentally stepping on it during the trip. It is an annual herb, which amazingly, is endemic only to the Mt. Tamalpais region (hence, it’s name). Also remarkable – it is able to thrive in the harsh conditions of serpentine soils around Mt. Tamalpais – though these plants were not found in abundance and are said to be quite rare. Anywho – with these plants being as rare as they are, I was dismayed to to realize that I was stepping on one them. Needless to say – Dr. Paul and the rest of the class have (jokingly) berated me for it.


Excursion Narrative:

We started off our trip on a bright-note with us taking a class group photo with a majestic background of the California coast! From then on, we visited our first site which was an EXTREMELY serpentine area (it just screamed serpentine from a distant – it was very green) that was host to a variety of species we were quite familiar with. It was interesting attempting to navigate through the tight and rocky trails – I myself was very glad to have brought the proper footwear.

After the first leg of the trip, we got into the vans and drove to a different part of Mt. Tamalpais that was much more easier to navigate. We were introduce to more species – and also taught to recognize some of the sounds of the birds that lived around Mt. Tam – thanks to Dr. Paul’s expertise. Finally, before heading back to the city, we got back into our cars and visited one final site – not to look at photos, but to witness the majestic views from atop of Mt. Tam. It made me feel especially lucky to have the opportunity to live in the Bay.


Other Encountered Plant Species:

 

 

 

 

April 25, 2017
by jbvu
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(solo) Field Excursion 8 – Ring Mountain

Date: 4/14/2017

Location: Ring Mountain (Coordinates: 37.9099° N, -122.4858° W – Elevation: varies, ~20 ft)

Site Description: 

Ring Mountain is a ridge on-top of the Tiburon Peninsula, which can be found close by San Francisco within the Marin area. It is clear that this site gives host to a variety of unique species – as it is serpentine in nature (as you will see in one of the photos I’ve attached below). The trail starts at a point next to Paradise Dr – an area I’m quite familiar with having biked around there many times. As one proceeds through the trail – it begins with a fairly manageable ascent in elevation where you are surrounded by foliage. California bay are found in abundance when you traverse the beginning of this trail.

And then suddenly…you are met by this. A wide-open ridge where one can view the surrounding Bay – where Tidy tips and Sky lupines are found in abundance. From here, you can see many of the serpentine outcrops that give rise to a abundance of unique plant-life – the Tiburon mariposa lily among them – an extreme example since this particular lily can only be found on this area in the ENTIRE PLANET (crazy!). Here you witness the true beauty of Ring Mountain – where there is no foliage present and you can see the openness of the entire area.

 


Species Description:

1) Lupinus nanus (Family: Fabaceae), also known as the “Sky lupine”, was probably one species which I encountered most in abundance. This species of lupine is native to the western United States, and is typically found growing on slopes. Like all lupine species and typically its most prominent characteristic of distinction, its leaf blades were palmately divided into many leaflets (see second photo). The flower inflorescence is generally whorled, with its petals being blue, lavender, or pink (in this case, it was blue/purple). A fun fact (or not-so-fun fact) is that species are considered toxic if directly ingested.

2) Layia platyglossa (Family: Asteraceae), also known as “Tidy tips”, was also a species found in abundance throughout this area. The tidy tips are an annual wildflower, also native to western North America. Its stems are typically erect, holding up a flower head that is composed of 5-18 yellow-ray flowers (yellow flowers with beautiful white-tips). The sepals are also highly modified. Tidy tips are typically cultivated as an ornamental plant – which is not surprising, given how beautiful they are.

In addition, the leaves are fairly narrow, rough, and pubescent. The leaves at the basal part of the stem are dentate/pinnately shaped. Lower leaves are generally lobed and the upper leaves are entire. The blades are simple.

3) Thermopsis californica (Family: Fabaceae), also known as the “California goldenbanner” was another species I found in fair abundance close by the streams coming up the Phyllis Ellman trail. I suppose it was fairly opportune that we had just listened to Negin’s plant family presentation on Fabaceae – as I recollected what I had learned and immediately distinguished the California goldenbanner as a Fabaceae member.

This species is endemic to California. It looks very similar to the dreaded invasive “Scott’s Broom” – but it is not! It is truly a native species to California. Each of its flowers consists of an upflaring top petal, two lip-like lower petals, and a third bottom-most petal that keels upward.


Excursion Narrative: 

In preparation for an upcoming hepatology conference where I was set to present at the following week – I had sought to visit Ring Mountain the week before. And it was most opportune that that following Friday was an holiday for Easter. Having looked ahead and seeing fantastic weather set for that day – I immediately planned that my excursion to Ring Mountain for that day.

Now, how to get there? Rent a zipcar? That would make me rush my excursion knowing that I would be charged every hour…Take an Uber? It’d take about $40 for me to Uber there. That’s a big no-no to a broke college student’s budget. Realistically, I could have biked there having done the trek many-a-time, but lugging my bike around while trying to scout out for specific plants would have been a…let’s say…”interesting *cough unrealistic*” attempt at saving money.

Finally, I ended up choosing the cheapest and probably the funnest way I could have planned this trip: taking the ferry across the Bay to Tiburon – something I’ve never done before! I first proceeded to take the bus all the way down to the pier, where upon arriving and realizing I had about an hour until my ferry left – decided to get some In-N-Out. Talk about a pre-game for my botany excursion!

Then…after having consumed my delicious calories, I boarded the ferry! All for a price of around $10 – what a steal! The trip on the ferry was sure to be memorable, and it most definitely was with it being my first time! Having lived in San Francisco for about 4 years and still having never gone on it, I noted to myself that I should do this again at some point…

Upon exiting the ferry, I calculated the price of my Uber to the entrance of Ring Mountain – which turned out to be a much more manageable $8! And arriving at the entrance of the trail, I was met with with an endorphin – inducing mixture of excitement and nervousness. With me undertaking this excursion on my own – this would be the makings of an adventure!

As Dr. Paul had indicated to me prior, I began my excursion with traversing the Phyllis Ellman trail, which I would take until the Ring Mountain Fire Road.  The trail consisted of a gentle upward climb, where I noticed many familiar species that we had witnessed prior (Tidy tips immediately come to mind – these guys were everywhere!). I also spotted a lizard during this part of the trail!

The most interesting and exciting part of this excursion was the prospect of being alone, with out the botanical guidance of Dr. Paul or without the company of friends. It made for a very meditative experience altogether. This was where I was able to put where I learned from the class to the test – relying on key features and from recollection from prior experience to distinguish plant families and genuses.

And finally, I exited the foliage and found the open expanse of Ring Mountain – which was truly a sight to behold. I climbed atop what I would discover is called “Turtle Rock” and sat there for quite awhile – engaged in introspection about my place and role within this role (cheesy – I know).

At a certain point, I ran into a local who told me he was retired and had lived in a nearby house for about 25 years! He was an anthropologist in the past, and was intimately familiar with the surrounding plant life. He had an interesting story to tell as a Dutch immigrant to America – and also, told me that “If you’re looking for the Tiburon Mariposa Lily, you’re about a month too early!”. After a great conversation, we bid each other adieu, and after spending some more time along the Fire trail, I began experience the all-familiar signs of being famished and fatigued – so I began to make my way down back to the trails’ beginning.

Serpentine outcrops just like this one below were also found in abundance!

Along the way, after being identify a few more species, I ran into a dog who seemed to be having the TIME OF HIS LIFE. It definitely belonged to a local – and it ran back and forth up and down the trail and also in circles around me. This entire expanse – seemingly, was its playground!

Wut.

And finally, after a long day spent engaged in botany, hiking, and being quite high-on-life and at the same time being quite energetically drained –  I decided to take an Uber back to my place! Talk about a flowerful day!


Other Encountered Plant Species!

April 12, 2017
by jbvu
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Field Excursion 7 – Edgewood County Park

Date: 4/6/2017

Location: Edgewood County Park (Coordinates: 37.4737° N, 122.2786° W – Elevation: ~300-800 ft.)

Site Description:

Edgewood County Park is a nature preserve located in East Bay.  The main trail consists of a gradual ascent through coast live oak and California bay plants, until an open grassland is reached. We were relatively sheltered from the wind during the ascent, explaining much of the higher foliage. Eventually, once we entered the open grasslands, we were quickly besought by winds and thus we started to observe the presence of more low-lying plants atypical of an open grassland. Once we arrived at this segment, Coconut weed was found in abundance on the dirt trail we followed. The Edgewood County Park grasslands are known for their serpentine nature, making many of the plants endemic to California. In the Spring, the County Park boasts of majestic wildflower display, making this location frequently visited by hikers, joggers and travelers.


Species Description:

1. ) Pentagramma triangularis (Family: Pteridaceae), going by its common-name “Gold back fern”, is a fern native to California and is especially distinguished by its golden underside, making its name apt. Its given its genus name because “Penta” means 5, while “gramma” means lined. Thus, the Gold back fern is a five-lobed, triangular fern. It tends to grow around rocky creviceds along slopes.  Its blades are 2-3 pinnate, 2-8 cm long. Sporangia are sometimes found along veins, segment margins are unmodified, and sometimes recurved.


2.) Dryopteris arguta (Family: Dryopteridaceae), going by its common-name “Wood fern”, is particularly noted for its silver-like sori. Its blade is lanceolate, 1-2 pinnate, and has equal length sides. Segments are deeply pinnately lobed, or not.  Sori are round, with round indusium. This species is not native to California – it is found worldwide; especially in Eastern Asia.

 


3) Now, as a genus-ambassador to the Ribes genus I proudly present to you…Ribes menziesii (Family: Grossulariaceae), which goes off its common-name “Canyon gooseberry”. I was aware beforehand that some members of the Ribes would be found at this excursion location, but Dr. Paul also forewarned me that they would be difficult to find since the plants are flowerless and barely peek their fruit around April. Nevertheless, due to some “eagle-eyed” observation and some luck, I managed to land my eyes on Canyon gooseberry. Like all members of the Ribes family, it is particularly characterized by its nodal spines that protrude out at a 90 degree angle from the stem. It also has simple palmate leaves, which is true to most of the Ribes genus. Ribes fruit (if observable) is also prominent, as they sport dense stiff spikes (as seen in the photo below). If the flowers are observable, expect them to have reflexed sepals. This genus/species is only found in California and Oregon. Also, a fun-fact is that their fruits are edible (even if they look extremely dangerous), but they are often not picked because of their difficulty of being picked.


Excursion Narrative: 

The trip first started off with us actually finding our methods of transportation  – because the white van was present in the parking lot! After some minor traffic and about 45 minutes, we arrived at the country park and promptly began the start of our trip! Our excursion began with a “gentle” climb along a path that featured many fern species we hadn’t encountered previously – such as the Gold back fern and the wood fern. Coast live oak was also found in abundance, as well as Poison Oak. Poison oak was especially disguised as it didn’t have its usual “violet spotted” look – instead, the variants we encountered were entirely green and were sporting their flowers. Also, I had the pleasure as the Ribes genus ambassador of successful locating one of my key species – Ribes menziesii…one of my prouder botany moments! And since I was starving, it was well-timed as I got myself a “debbie-downer” out of it!

“…what is James doing over there?”

Once the climb had ended and we exited the foliage, we happened onto an open grassland which was relatively flat and exposed. The winds were heavy here, and while it wasn’t raining at that point above us, the winds pushed rain from a far off distance into our faces. Here, we encountered many more low-lying species. Many of the species we did encountered were extremely small, which made it difficult for me to capture them with my camera. Moreover, it was difficult to maintain them in memory due to their smaller stature – so Dr. Paul advised us to glean off their “big picture” characteristics.

Some “Indian ruins” we happened upon

Finally, after we had been introduced to many many species and time was running short, the group decided that we had enough and started traveling back to our cars. It was with good timing too – because just after we got back, it started raining like crazy!

Glad we left before it started pouring…look at those clouds!

Other Encountered Species:

  

April 6, 2017
by jbvu
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Field Excursion 6 – San Bruno Mountain State and County Park

Date: 3/30/2017

Location: San Bruno Mountain State and County Park

Sub-location 1: Ridge Trail (37.6969425, -122.4338293) – Elevation: ~675 ft

Sub-location 2: Saddle Loop Trail (37.7012794, -122.4342788) – Elevation: ~1100 ft

Site Description:

The site for our sixth field excursion was to be San Bruno Mountain State Park, a site I’m quite familiar (at-least, on the road) with with all the times I’ve ridden up it on my bike. Per usual, San Bruno Mountain was subject to harsh winds which now from a botanist’s perspective, can explain why most of the species we encountered were close to the ground. Many prominent California native species familiar to us were present in abidance including Lizard’s tail, Coastal buckwheat, and  Coffeeberry (the cursed #21!).  We traveled along a gravel road, although sometimes we traveled offroad into the foliage itself where we were sometimes greeted by painful plants with spikes. The views of San Francisco and of the surrounding bay were – per usual, fantastic!


Species Descriptions:

1) Salvia spathacea (Family: Lamiaceae), also known by its common-name “Hummingbird sage”, is overall a hard plant to miss! it is a perrenial species native to California, and features dark rose-lilac colored flowers, extremely pubesecent leaves, along with a pleasant scent. Like many families in the mint-family, it is distinguished by its square shaped stem and it’s overall pubescence. The common-name is aptly given, as this plant is frequented visited by hummingbirds.


2) Ulex europaeus (Family: Fabaceae), known by its common-name “Gorse”, is a deadly looking fellow. This species, invasive to California, can grow up to 2-3 m and has proven difficult to eradicate due to its aggressive seed dispersal. The Gorse looks similar to the French Broom (unsurprising as they’re part of the same family), except its armed to the teeth with many thorns. Its yellows are very showy, but do nothing to minimize this plant’s violent appearance. While I did not opt to get near this species or touch it, its stem is said to be very stiff. Its leafs are simple and alternate. When we found this plant species in the field, we also witnessed the results of ongoing efforts to eradicate this invasive species.


3) Heracleum maximum (Family: Apiaceae), known by its common-name “Common cowparsnip”,  was observed prominently throughout our excursion. It’s a plant species that’s hard to miss – as this perennial  tall herb can rise to a height of ~2 meters. Its genus name (Heracleum) must refer to the fact that this plant’s features are very large. It possesses an flower umbel shape – which we’ve become familiar with in all Apiaceae family members.


Excursion Narrative:

Our trip got off to a rocky start, as it seems someone was responsible for hijacking our other white van. We eventually were able to procure another van, and due to our mishap – arrived at our excursion site about an hour late. When we arrived – one thing was immediately noticeable: it was windy! We thus began our trip (at an accelerated pace), and witnessed many plant species – some familiar to us, and some new! It was actually very encouraging to pass by so many plants where I was able to name off the top of my head – showing how far we’ve all progressed in this course from its inception.

We’re ready for some In-N-Out!

We moved at a brisk pace, but we also got a lot done. We also had the misfortune of being assaulted by plants featuring prominent thorns and spikes. Finally, at the trip’s end, we were able to make it to In-N-Out, which was – simply stated: delicious (notice how I bolded, italicized, and underlined “delicious” – because it really was!)

In-N-Outceae…


Other Encountered Plant Species:

Raphanus raphanistrum (Family: Brassicaceae) CM: Wild Radish

Phaecilia malvifolia (Family: Boraginaceae) CM: Stinging phaecilia

Southern Hedge Nettle (Family: Boraginaceae)

Blue Witch (Family: Solanaceae)

Silver Lupine (Family: Fabaceae)

Seaside daisy (Family: Asteraceae)

Another run in with Rock Phaeclia, except it was flowering this time! – Rock Phaecilia (Family: Boraginaceae

Open Rock phaecilia

Pink Butter-n-eggs (Family: Orobranchaceae)

Creeping wood-sorrel (Family: Oxalidaceae)

Wight’s paintbrush (Family: Orobanchaceae)

Wight’s paintbrush (Family: Orobanchaceae)

Lizard’s Tail (Family: Asteraceae)

Lace parsnip (Family: Apiaceae)

Italian Thistle (Family: Asteraceae)

Douglas/Coastal Iris (Family: Iridaceae)

Heron’s bill

Heron’s bill

Franciscan wallflower (F: Brassicaceae)

Field Marigold

Field Marigold

San Bruno Manzanita

Kinnikinnick (F: Ericaceae)

Elderberry

The cursed #21. No description needed – because I won’t ever forget it.

Coastal Buckwheat (F: Polygonaceae)

California golden violet (F: Violaceae)

California golden violet (F: Violaceae)

Senecio aronicoides (Family: Asteraceae) CM: California butterweed

Oxalis pes-caprae (Family: Oxalidaceae) CM: Bermuda buttercup

Nuttallanthus texanua (Family: Plantaginaceae) CM: Blue toadflax

Viola adunca (Family: Violaceae) CM: Blue violet

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (Family: Rhamnaceae) CM: Blueblossom

Plagiobothrys chorisanus (Family: Boraginaceae) CM: Popcorn flower

Barbarea (Family: Brassicaceae) CM: Wintercrest

Barbarea (Family: Brassicaceae) CM: Wintercrest

Lolobularia maritima (Family: Brassicaceae) – CM: Sweet Alyssum

Lolobularia maritima (Family: Brassicaceae) – CM: Sweet Alyssum

March 26, 2017
by jbvu
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Field Excursion 5 – Marin Headlands (SCA Trail)

Date: 3/23/2017

Location: Marin Headlands (SCA Trail) – 37.834660, -122.487441

Elevation: 599 ft above sea-level

Site Description: 

We visited a different area of Marin Headlands from our previous jaunts – yet (under the auspices of our dreaded field-quiz) we were able to observe an abundance of plant species. We traversed the hillside via a path labeled the “SCA Trail” – which seemed to be use commonly by hikers and runners. Coffeeberry, Coastal Sage scrub, and other species endemic to California were – per usual – found in abundance along this trail. The trail greeted us with a steady increase in elevation – yet, us and most of the plant species seemed to be protected by the harsh winds along the lower end of the trail which was nestled behind the hills. The upper half of he trail greets its passerbys with harsher winds. This explains why we observed smaller species of plant-life near the top of the trail, as the ferocious winds required those plants to remain short in stature to conserve water and other resources.

The grand view of San Francisco from Slacker’s Hill


Species Description:

1) Phaecelia california (Family: Boraginaceae), going by the common-name Rock phaecilia, is a species native to coastal northern California, where it grows in a variety of environments (including coastal-bluffs, where we found it). It is a perennial herb, growing erect, with pubescent leaves. When we encountered it during our jaunt, it hadn’t flowered yet (as observed in below photo). Yet, it is fairly distinguished by its overall shape and especially by its (soon-to-be) dense flower cluster, which is said to produce white, pale blue, or lavender flowers.

Phacelia californica (Family: Boraginaceae) – CM: Rock phaecilia


2) Claytonia perfoliata (Family: Montiaceae), going by its common-name Miner’s Lettuce, is distinguished by its prominent by its rosette shape. While we did not see them in full-force, their flowers have five petals that appear from Feburary to May/June,  that grow above one united circular leaf. It’s common-name is well-suited, as it was often use by miners from the California Gold Rush as a source of vitamin C to prevent scurvy.

Claytonia perfoliata (Family: Montiaceae) – CM: Miner’s Lettuce


3) Lupinis albifrons (Family: Fabaceae), going by its common-name “Silver lupin”, was yet another species of lupines that we ran into, distinguished not by its flower but its leaves with their uniformity and shape common to other lupine species. It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows along the coastal in overall-dry areas. The Silver lupin is aptly named, as it possessed a remarkable silver foliage with an intense blue/purple showy flower.

Lupinus albifrons (Family: Fabaceae) – CM: Silver lupin


Narrative:

With the prospect of our dread field-quiz looming over our heads, we parked our vehicles and set off to meet our maker. The wonderful weather was overshadowed by our imminent doom. We probably would have enjoyed the grand views we witness more if we weren’t anticipating being asked about a plant genus or family name every other moment. Yet, it was still an enjoyable excursion overall, and after we put the field quiz behind us and after having completed the trail, we traveled to the top of Slacker’s Hill where we were greeted by a majestic view of San Francisco and the surrounding Bay. On the way back to the cars, Dr. Paul pointed out a few other species to us which we noted. I returned to campus with a respect for the difficulty of being able to distinguish plant species within botany, but also finding it rewarding being able to identify plant species we’ve encountered and studied through memory or through knowledge of the plant families. In an academic setting, gaining knowledge is often abstract and intangible – it was great to be able to observe and practice what we had learned in the field.

The trek back to the vehicles


Other encountered plant species:

Lupinus bicolor (Family: Fabaceae) CM: Bicolored lupine

Lasthenia californica (Family: Asteraceae) – CM: California goldfields

Rumex crispus (Family: Polygonaceae) CM: Curly dock

Plantago erecta (Family: Plantaginaceae) CM: California plantain

Plantago lanceolata (Family: Plantaginaceae) CM: English plantain

Erysimun franciscanum (Family: Brassicaceae) CM: Franciscan wallflower

Minuartia douglasii (Family: Caryophyllaceae) Douglas sandwort’

Nemophilia menziesii (Family: Boraginaceae) CM: Baby blue eyes

Erythranthe guttata (Family: Phrymaceae) CM: Yellow monkeyflower

Spraxis spp. (Family; Iridaceae) CM: Harleqin flower

 

March 8, 2017
by jbvu
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Field Excursion 3 – San Pedro Valley County Park

Date: 3/2/2017

Location: San Pedro Valley County Park (37.578450, -122.475945) – Elevation: ~160 ft

That’s a pretty big tree.

Site Description: San Pedro Valley County Park, located near the foothills of Pacifica, was the site of our third field excursion. This park had multiple streams and creeks, which most likely play a significant role in ushering in flora that have adapted to moist environments such as Arroyo Willow and Giant Trillium. Thick coastal scrub was found in abundance around the route we navigated through – as per usual, another dirt path. Mountain lions have also been located around the site (although great that we didn’t run into any!)


Species Description:

1) Salix lasiolepsis (Family: Salicaceae), or known by its common name the Arroyo Willow, was the first species we encountered during our excursion. Its most prominent feature is its green/yellow catkins (photo below), which are how willow flowers are generally arranged. This is a deciduous large shrub that possesses leaves with tiny dentations. Willows themselves are usually found close to water (this one was found close to a stream). Also, a cool thing I didn’t know about this species is that acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), can be derived from willow bark.

The trunk of a Salix lasiolepis (Family: Salicaceae), or the Arroyo Willow peaking through the branches

Catkins are a key feature of the Willows


2) Toxicoscordion fremontii (Family: Melanthiaceae), known by its common name the “Star Lily” was another peculiar fellow we ran into. Some morphological features to note are that it stigma is broken into 3 parts and its yellow anthers.  In addition, it grow generally with a spherical bulb shape, and its flowers grow in clusters, possessing 6 petals arranged symmetrically (hence, named the star lily). Finally, as one could tell from its genus and species name, the Star Lily is toxic and should NOT be ingested!

Toxicoscordion Fremonti (Family: Melanthiaceae)


3) Chrysolepsis chrysophylla (Family: Fagaceae), or the “Golden chinaquapin” was another familiar species we had run into previously, but we hadn’t had the chance to get up-and-close to. As expected, this is a rare species that was protected by thick Coastal scrub. Its most distinguishable feature are the golden underside of its leaves, which are simple and entire.

Chrysolepsis chrysophylla (Family: Fagaceae), or the Golden chinquapin can be easily distinguished by observing its yellow underside


Narrative: We had originally planned on a different site but after the scouting mission and the floral prognosis did not bode well, we switched to San Pedro Valley. After arriving to the site and parking our cars, we started off our excursion with some great weather (again!). Our route through the Park consisted of yet another dirt path that took us deeper in into the park as we climbed higher and higher. As per usual, we ran into many species of interest along the route – some old and some new. Along the way, we ran into many familiar genera we had encountered previously including RibesArbutus menziesii, and many others!

This was the norm throughout our excursion – with the sun constantly peeking through the trees

Once we ascended to the height of the Park, we were greeted with some awesome views as per usual. At this point, we started to descend deeper into the valley where we greeted by much of the same terrain that we had encountered previously.  One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the overflowing waterfall at a distant – a sign that we California had received its fill of water (maybe a bit tad much?). At any rate, it was all downhill from there, with us arriving back at the cars early and subsequently arriving back at school ahead of time!

The higher we were, the better the views!


More Photos!

Our excursion begins!

This oak tree must have resided in a pasture without any competition at some point – which lead it to spread out its branches widely

Holodiscus discolo (Family: Rosaceae) – Oceanspray

Furry!

What a pampas looking grass…

Almost stepped on this guy – yikes!

Garry elliptica (Family: Garryaceae) Coastal silk tassel

March 1, 2017
by jbvu
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Field Excursion 2 – Presidio Coastal Trail + Marin Headlands

Date: 2/23/2017

Location (2): Presidio Coastal Trail (37.799144, -122.480886) – Elevation: ~150 ft;

Marin Headlands (37.834775, -122.499125) – Elevation: ~660 ft

Views make a Botany Excursion a whole lot sweeter.


Site Description(s): 

The Presidio Coastal Trail resides West to the Presidio along the coast, and South to the Golden Gate Bridge. Traversing this path is done on a rock path, and provides a fantastic view of the coastline along with the Golden Gate Bridge and the distant Marin Headlands. As mentioned by Dr. Paul, most of the plant species found in this site are fairly small and close to the ground – as this site is constantly beset by harsh and cold coastal winds, it makes sense for the plants to be small in stature in order to conserve water. This site also acts as a official conservation site for many species of Californian plants.

The second site we visited consisted of a trail behind Hawk Hill, which is nestled within the Marin Headlands. As per norm, after parking our car, the site was traversed via a dirt path. Our path of interest “hugged” the hillside, which was able to block most of the vicious coastal winds until we descended deeper into the headlands during the second half of our hike. Many of the plant species we found here are endemic to our Central Western region of California.


Species Description:

1) Mimulus auratiacus (Family: Phrymaceae), a native to California and also known by its common name the “Sticky Monkey Flower”, is a perennial orange flower that boasts a height of about 3-4 feet, and was one of the first flower species we stumbled upon along the Presidio Coastal Trail. The flower itself is bilaterally-symmetrical with a “funnel-form” flower shape. Other things of note are that the flower feels “rubbery”, and that in this photo, the fact the white component is sticking out indicates that it is ready to be pollinated (most likely by a hummingbird or bee).

Mimulus aurantiacus (Family: Phrymaceae), or Sticky Monkey Flower


2) Primula Herndersonii (Family: Primulaceae), a native to California, known by its common name the “Mosquito Bill” and its EVEN MORE common name “Henderson’s Shooting Star” was one of the last flower species we encountered during our excursion within the Marin Headlands. We found it around the edge of a trail – which probably fits its profile best with it allowing to obtain sunlight without competing with other “big-name” species. Its most important characteristic of distinction of this flower is that its petals are “reflexed”, or bent back. As seen in the photo below, the petals are opposite to the usual configuration (with flower petals typically pointed upward), which exposes the anthers and stigma.

Primula Herndersonii (Family: Primulaceae), or the “Mosquito Bill”


3) *cue dramatic music* …Finally, to what we’ve all been waiting for. I want to give a big shoutout to a plant within the genus which I am acting as genus-ambassador, since this my first time encountering it within the field. Say hello to Ribes sanguineum (Family: Grossulariaceae), also known by its common-name the “Flowering Currant”. As you can see, this flower is anything but “gross” – perhaps it should have been placed in a Family called “Good-lookingriaceae”. Really bad jokes aside, the Flowering Currant has long and showy pink flower clusters. The flowers themselves are in funnel form, and are pendant (hanging downward). It was exciting first encounter with a member of the genus I’m representing – can’t wait till I run into more RIBS!

Ribes sanguineum (Family: Grossulariaceae), also known as the “Flowering Currant”

A closer look…

Notice the simple, palmate leaf shape!


Narrative: We started off the day with some fantastic sunny weather, with no possibility of rain-fall in sight. After leaving from campus at around 1 PM and managing to secure parking at our first site of interest (Presidio Coastal Trail), we left the cars and immediatedly ran into some plant species of interest not far from the parking site. In fact, it seemed that we couldn’t walk for another 10 seconds without running into another important plant species of interest that Dr. Paul wanted to point out! This set the theme throughout the day: that we were going to be going to be introduced to ALOT of plant species. It was fairly hard to keep up since I especially want to record all the details while trying to take as many photos as possible of the flowers and the group. After we arrived at the end of the trail and took enjoyed the majestic view of the Bay along the Golden Gate Bridge from atop of a bunker, we headed back to the cars so we could begin the second part of our excursion!

A photo that captures the spirit of the Presidio Coastal Trail – the first part of our excursion

The second part of our excursion took us across the Golden Gate Bridge, where we promptly drove up into the hills. It’s always a different experience for me whenever I drive up these hill, since I’ve must have biked up the slopes hundreds of times as a cyclist. At any rate, we parked our cars at the roundabout and promptly headed down into the headlands via a dirt part. Although it was still sunny from that point on with wonderful weather, we were constantly within the shade as the trail we were on along the hillside was sheltered from the sun. That didn’t bode too well with many members of the group, as the cold winds combined with the lack of sunlight led to quite the “chilling” experience for many folks. Once we finished examining many more plant species of interest (some which we had run into already, such as the Madrone, pictured below), we headed back upward to the cars. Dr. Paul treated the group to a drive all the way up to Hawk Hill, where we treated to a view of the entirety of San Francisco and the Bay – a view that never gets old for me whenever I see it. We finally headed back to school, where we arrived a little before 5 PM – just on time!

A photo of the entire group just passing by a Madrone (a species we’re quite familar with) within the Marin Headlands trail!


And more Photos!!!

A leaf belonging to Frangula californica (Family: Rhamnaceae), also known as the California Coffeeberry. When held up to the sun, the reticulate venation of the leaf along with its tiny dentations along its edges is extremely prominent.

“I’ve said it once and I’ll said it again…LEAF me alone!!!”

Eschscholzia californica (Family: Papaveraceae), also known as the California Poppy. This is a plant species of notable interest to Patrick, as he’s set to conduct a research project on it!

A photo of a photo (INCEPTION?!) of Polygonum paronychia (Family: Polygonaceae), also known as the Dune Knotweed.

A plant species feared by all – our good friend Toxicodendron diversilobum (Family: Anacardiacae) – A.K.A, Poison Ivy!

Now here’s something you don’t see too often when you’re focused on its menacing leaves…the flowers of Poison Ivy!

Castilleja subinclusa (Family: Orobanchaceae), or the Franciscan Paintbrush

Take a look at this gorgeous Blue dick (A.K.A. – Dichelostemma capiatum [Family: Themidaceae])!!!

A catkin – a flower cluster and a prominent feature of trees such as the Willows.

This cluster is known as a “gall”, which provide shelter to insects. Dr. Paul told us that insects can trick the plants to build these homes for it by releasing certain chemicals. Super cool!

 

 

February 23, 2017
by jbvu
0 comments

Field Journal 1 – Baltimore Canyon Open Space

Date: 2/16/2017

Location:

Baltimore Canyon Open Space Preserve (37.940362, -122.56146) – Elevation: ~600 ft

  The Botany Squad is ready to go!

Site Description:

This site itself boasted of grand display of redwood trees, the dominant species in the area. Traveling throughout the space was primarily done through a dirt path, and through off-path trails hikes up and down the valley. Various ferns, shrubs, and other plant-life populated the side of the path.

Species Descriptions:

Dudleya cymosa (Family: Crassulaceae), going by the common name “Rock lettuce”, was one native species we stumbled upon. It is aptly name, as Dr. Paul stated that this plant species is unable to compete against grass on dirt ground. Therefore, it situates itself on nearby rocky outcrops alongside the mountain to avoid the need to compete for resources.

  The Rock Lettuce – aptly name, situates itself nearby rocky outcrops.

The Rock lettuce consisted of whorled, succulent leaves consisted of a glabrous surface.


Scoliopus bigelovii (Family: Liliaceae), going by the common name “Slink pod”was another interesting fella we found off the path – also a native to California. Interesting details about the Slink pod are that it is a Redwood specialist (meaning, it will only be where Redwood trees are found) and that it bends its whole structure down so that its flower structure can be inserted into the dirt. In this way, it can plant its own seeds.

                                      The Slink pod – A.K.A., the Tri-force from Zelda

Other notable features of the Slink pod are that it is a monocot with three-petals. It is endemic to the Central Western Region.


Trillium ovatum (Family: Methanthiaceae), also going its common name the “Western wakerobin” is a species native to California. We encountered this species once we descended deeper into the Canyon near the creek.

        I was so “t(h)rilled” to see this plant species! Hahaha…haha….haaa *crickets*

 

Narrative:

The recent weather left the path fairly muddy and damp, but still very-much accessible. After parking our cars (~1:30 PM), we set-off on our journey of epic proportions. While walking along the dirt path, we made frequent pauses to discuss plant species of interest that we passed by. After some time, we came upon a downhill trail that would take us deeper into the Canyon. With it having just rained and the damp rocks and branches needing to be traversed, getting through this path was an interesting experience to say the least. Finally, once we reached the creek of the bottom, we circled back and arrived back at the cars at around 4 PM.

Dr. Paul explaining the difference between “Scotts broom” and “French broom”

        Dr. Paul has taken a “lichen” to this plant!!! *insert fake audience laughter*

                                                          Such fern, much pretty, waow.

                                                                 Awesome photo. Nuff said.

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