In “Everything’s an Argument”, the authors, Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz, and Keith Walters, discuss the various types of arguments and the different types of appeals in arguments. Using Aristotle’s previous work as a base, the authors explain how arguments of the past, also known as forensic arguments are arguments that “debates about what has happened in the past” (18). Arguments of the past are used in modern time in court cases, where they reference previous court decisions and in school where students learn about history and debate what significance it has nowadays. To continue, there are also arguments about the future, also known as deliberative arguments, which are used in politics where politicians may argue in order to “influence legislation or government policy” (19). For example, a politician may argue that the taxes for the rich need to be raised. The politician is arguing for policies that in the future will combat the issue. Arguments of the future tend to be idealistic because the future has not happened yet and the terms of legal policies can be hard for the public to understand. Lastly, there is arguments about the present, also known as ceremonial arguments. These arguments can question social norms and “explore the current values of a society” (20). Additionally, the authors discuss ethos (appeal to credibility), pathos (appeal to emotions), and logos (appeal to logic).

After reading Elizabeth Heath’s article,  I noticed she was able to reach the audience on topic that most people found relatable while also delving into deeper issues like anxiety and stress. Heath was able to subtly discuss the importance of finding small things to relieve the constant stress of life. Heath also was able to bring ethos by discussing various different psychologists who also supported her claim. Additionally, Heath was able to bring in examples from others to show how a boost of joy could help with productivity in someone’s life like how Acacia Parks, a research psychologist, only needed to be in a good mood for a short while in order to start on her outline.